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Priori Probabilities -  A priori comes from the Latin phrase meaning "from the former", a self-evident proposition.  Relating to playing a hand of Bridge, after seeing one hand and dummy (26 cards), our initial assessment of card distribution would be "a priori".  However, as the cards are played and information about suit breakage was observed, players would revise their probability assessment (a posteriori). 

The a priori probability of two hidden hands holding a certain number of cards is based on mathematical odds.  Aspiring Bridge players make mental references the distribution when determining the best line of play.  An a priori example showing initial probabilities relating to aggregate suit holdings when partner opens 1 Notrump (balanced) would be:
 

 Length of fit 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
 Percentage 1 6 17 27 26 15 5 1

Generally, when opponents hold an even number of cards, the number of cards held will not break evenly between the opponents.  When opponents hold an odd number of cards, the number of cards held will break evenly  See Probability of Distribution Table.  Also see Posteriori Probabilities.

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